Spiral - Artists- collective 1963.

- Newyork base African American - aimed to address how African American artists should respond to American changes in the political and cultural landscape.

- formed as a direct response to the march on Washington for jobs and freedom.

- Work described as Abstract expressionists.

- Mixture of paint and collage. Symbolises the merging of different communities and traditions.

- Some of the artist associated with the movement included - Charles Alston , Emma Amos, Romare Bearden, Caitlin Douglas, Richard Mayhew, Hale Woodruff.